Working At Odd Shifts? Expert Explains How Shift Culture Increases Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes

"Type 2 diabetes is a chronic ailment that disrupts the body's normal processing of blood sugar, also known as glucose. While genetics and lifestyle choices play a significant role in its development, recent studies have highlighted shift work as a contributing factor", said Dr Kagne.

The Indian Journal of Ophthalmology reports that 77 million Indians had diabetes in 2019, and by 2045, that figure is expected to rise to 134 million. Of these, 57% still don't have a diagnosis. 

The Impact of Shift Work

The irregular hours disrupt the body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, leading to poor sleep, unhealthy eating habits, and reduced physical activity. "These disruptions can increase the risk of many chronic diseases, such as cancer metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and mental health disorders through the dysregulation of normal physiological, behavioural and psychosocial pathways", highlighted Dr Kagne.

Also Read: How To Manage Health & Sleep Cycle While Working Night Shifts

Research Findings

According to a 2023 study, it was found that shift workers were 20-30% more likely to develop diabetes than non-shift workers. Adverse health behaviours caused by shift work, such as changes in living habits, smoking, and poor sleep quality, coupled with the destruction of biological rhythm, could produce adverse metabolic phenotypes. 

The Mechanisms at Play

The link between shift work and diabetes is a complex interplay of biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The human body is designed to follow a natural cycle of wakefulness and sleep, governed by daylight and darkness. 

"Shift workers often have to override this natural rhythm, leading to a state known as 'circadian misalignment'. This misalignment can cause hormonal imbalances, including those of insulin, a hormone critical in controlling blood sugar levels. Over time, this can lead to insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes", added Dr Kagne.

Challenges in Managing Diabetes

Managing diabetes is challenging enough without the added complexity of shift work. Irregular work schedules can make it difficult for individuals to maintain regular meal times, exercise routines, and sleep patterns, which are vital components of diabetes management. Moreover, accessing healthcare services for regular check-ups or consultations can be more problematic, as these are typically scheduled during regular daytime hours. 

Also Read: Study Reveals Most People Working Night Shifts Develop Sleep Disorders: Expert Lists Tips For Quality Sleep

How To Manage It?

Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach. Employers can play a crucial role by implementing work schedules that are as consistent as possible, offering health and wellness programs tailored to shift workers, and providing access to healthcare services that accommodate their unique schedules. 

Dr Kagne added, "Shift workers who have diabetes or are at risk for the disease should put their own health first by leading mindful lives that include eating a balanced diet, exercising frequently, and getting enough sleep."

Bottomline

Dr Kagne concluded, "The rise of type 2 diabetes among shift workers is a growing public health concern that underscores the need for increased awareness and targeted interventions. By acknowledging and addressing the unique challenges faced by this population, we can take significant steps towards mitigating the impact of diabetes on individuals and society at large."

[Disclaimer: This article contains information provided by an expert and is for informational purposes only. Hence, we advise you to consult your expert if you are dealing with any health issues to get the necessary treatment.]