Did red squirrels spread leprosy in medieval England?

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Saturday May 25 2024

With its tufty ears and russet fur, the red squirrel has a special place in the nation's affections.

But a Swiss study has revealed that it once played a darker role — as a carrier of leprosy in the Middle Ages.

The research, which analysed squirrel bones in Winchester in the tenth century and 11th century, is thought to mark the first time that an animal has been identified as carrying the disease during the medieval period.

Squirrel bones were found in a waste pit in Winchester

ALETTE BLOM/UNIVERSITY OF BASEL/PA

Verena Schuenemann, of the University of Basel, who led the study, said: "With our genetic analysis we were able to identify red squirrels as the first [known] ancient animal host of leprosy.

"Our results point to an independent circulation of Mycobacterium leprae [a bacterium that causes the disease]